Understanding Nicotine Addiction: Dependency as a Result of Maladaptive Brain Structure

Understanding Nicotine Addition: Dependency as a Result of Maladaptive Brain Structure

Chapter 2 The Genetic Basis of Addiction

Addiction is a complex disease infl uenced by genetic, environmental, developmental, and social factors. Once viewed as a moral weakness in character, substance use disorders are now defi ned as maladaptive patterns of substance use leading to inability to control use despite signifi cant consequences in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder...

CYP2D: Brain Enzyme Involved in Induction of Analgesia and Codeine Dependency

Smoking is predisposed by social, environmental and genetic factors including variation in CYP2A6, CYP2D and CYP2B6, which encode nicotine and codeine metabolizing enzymes. In early adolescence, CYP2A6-induced slow nicotine metabolism was related with higher dependence and reduced cigarette consumption. Our commentary has fully extended prior work illustrating that slow nicotine metabolism medi...

A Comparative Examination of Maladaptive Schemas in Sex Addicts and Normal Individuals

Objective: Sexual addiction is a psychiatric disorder with unpleasant personal, inter-personal, legal, social, and physical outcomes for the patients. The cycle of this disorder is based on a false belief system known as early maladaptive schemas. This study aimed to examine and compare maladaptive cognitive schemas in sex addicts and normal people. Methods: In the present study, a causal-comp...

PM290. Involvement of dorsohippocampal orexin-2 receptors in drug-dependency: A psychopharmacological study

s | 3 of adverse effects that currently limit the use of opioids in the clinic. Supported by USPHS Grant K05DA017918 PM288 Preclinical Evaluation of Neutral Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Antagonists and Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Negative Allosteric Modulators for Treating Drug Addiction Eliot L. Gardner1, Guo-Hua Bi1, Ganesh Thakur2, Alexandros Makriyannis2, Herbert H. Seltzman3, Xiang-Hu He4, Zheng-...